随着高比例分布式电源与电力电子设备的大规模接入，电力系统呈现出显著的低惯量与时变特性，传统固定参数的火储联合调频策略难以适应系统惯量的动态波动，且缺乏对储能全寿命周期经济性的精细化考量。针对上述问题，提出一种基于在线惯量评估与死区自适应优化的火储协同频率控制策略。该策略构建了分层协调机制：在小扰动工况下，利用储能作为快速分布式灵活性资源优先动作，通过低死区设计避免火电机组频繁磨损；在大扰动工况下，基于系统频率响应反演辨识等效惯量，自适应调整储能的虚拟惯量与下垂系数，实现对系统阻尼的动态补偿。此外，建立了包含循环寿命衰减的储能全生命周期成本模型，量化分析了策略的经济效益。仿真结果表明，所提策略在有效平抑系统振荡的同时，显著降低了综合调频成本，为分布式储能参与电网辅助服务及低惯量系统频率治理提供了兼具技术性与经济性的解决方案。

With the large-scale integration of distributed generation (DG) and power electronic devices, the power system exhibits significant low-inertia and time-varying characteristics. Traditional thermal-energy storage joint frequency regulation strategies, typically relying on fixed parameters, struggle to adapt to dynamic fluctuations in system inertia and lack refined consideration of the full life-cycle economics of energy storage. To address these issues, a cooperative frequency control strategy for thermal-storage systems is proposed, based on online inertia assessment and adaptive deadband optimization. A hierarchical oordination mechanism is established: under small disturbance conditions, the energy storage system (ESS) acts as a fastresponse istributed flexible resource with priority, utilizing a low deadband to prevent frequent wear on thermal units. Under large disturbance onditions, the strategy identifies the real-time equivalent inertia based on the inverse solution of the system frequency response and adaptively adjusts the ESS's virtual inertia and droop coefficients to provide dynamic damping compensation. Furthermore, an improved life-cycle cost model accounting for cycle life degradation is developed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy effectively suppresses system oscillations and significantly reduces comprehensive regulation costs, offering a techno-economically optimal solution for distributed energy storage participating in ancillary services and frequency governance in low-inertia grids.