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面向高比例新能源接入主动配电网的多层模型预测电压控制
宋美琪, 李洪全, 肖赫, 张兴, 赵阳, 商和龙, 丁浩, 范宏进
分布式能源 ›› 2025, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (1) : 53-61.
PDF(4302 KB)
PDF(4302 KB)
面向高比例新能源接入主动配电网的多层模型预测电压控制
Multilayer Model Predictive Voltage Control for High Proportion New Energy Integrated Active Distribution Network
高比例新能源接入配电网对配电网电压控制造成了巨大挑战。传统电压控制方法在高比例可再生能源渗透的情景下无法取得满意的控制效果，同时传统电压控制依赖机械式调压设备，其频繁机械式动作显著影响了使用寿命。为解决以上问题，提出一种基于模型预测控制(model predictive control， MPC)的多层电压控制方法。在所提方法中，机械式调压设备，例如变压器和并联电容，在上层以较长控制周期进行控制；而下层，对分布式电源的有功和无功输出以较短的时间尺度进行快速调节。在所提方法中，上层控制的控制目标是降低机械式调压设备的动作次数，下层的控制目标为降低系统的网损和有功消减，保证配电网运行的经济性。所提方法考虑了配电网当前及将来的系统状态，能确保高比例新能源接入后电压在允许的范围内。仿真结果表明：所提方法能有效解决高比例风光接入配电网带来的电压越限问题，系统电压均方误差从3.9%降低至0.97%；同时，该方法能显著降低有载调压变压器和并联电容的动作次数，仅为传统电压控制方法的40%和16.4%。
The integration of high proportion of new energy into distribution networks poses significant challenges for voltage control of distribution network. Traditional voltage control methods cannot ensure satisfactory control performance in scenarios with high penetration of new energy. Additionally， traditional voltage control relies on mechanical voltage regulation equipment， and frequent operation of these equipment significantly affects their lifespan. To address these issues， this paper proposes a multilayer voltage control method based on model predictive control (MPC). In the proposed method， mechanical voltage regulation equipment， such as transformers and shunt capacitors， is controlled in the upper layer with a longer control period， while active and reactive power outputs of distributed generations are rapidly adjusted in the lower layer with a shorter timescale. The objective of the upper-layer control is to reduce the number of operation of mechanical voltage regulation equipment， while the lower-layer control aims to minimize network losses and active power curtailment， ensuring the economic operation of the distribution network. The proposed method considers both the current and future states of the distribution network， ensuring that voltage operates within allowed limits under high penetration of new energy. Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively address the voltage violation issues introduced by the high penetration of new energy in the distribution network， decreasing the system voltage mean square error from 3.9% to 0.97%. Additionally， the proposed method significantly reduces operation number of mechanical voltage regulation equipment， which is only 40% and 16.4% of those under traditional voltage control methods， respectively.
配电网 / 电压控制 / 模型预测控制 / 分布式电源 / 多层控制
distribution network / voltage control / model predictive control / distributed generation / multilayer control
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The higher the penetration level of PVs in distribution networks, the greater the overvoltage issues would be. Due to the extremely high dimension of control variables, the traditional centralized control methods are getting too complex, which would barely satisfy the operational requirements of future active distribution networks. In order to address this crucial issue, this paper presents a voltage control method based on a network partitioning technique. A community detection algorithm based on a reactive/active quality function is introduced to divide a distribution network into reactive/active power sub-networks. For the reactive power sub-networks, a second-order cone programming (SOCP) based model for PV inverters is established with the objective of minimizing the regulated reactive power. For the active power sub-networks, a SOCP based model is also proposed for PV inverters with the objective of minimizing the curtailed active power of PVs. The proposed models in each sub-networks are solved by a parallel way. After the optimization, the results of the optimization are exchanged among each sub-network, and the constraints in each sub-network are then updated accordingly. A new optimization process is then started until the stopping criterion is met. Finally, an actual feeder is employed to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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目的 随着可再生能源电网占比逐年增加，电网的波动性和不确定性显著提升，给配电网的安全运行带来挑战。针对高比例新能源电网分布式配网重构问题，提出一种在线滚动优化框架方法。 方法 通过分布式共识协议获取网络拓扑和节点运行信息，在N-1和N-2线路故障状态下自动重构，实现配电网无额外外部触发信号情况下自动恢复正常运行，保证电网经济运行。同时采用滚动优化方法处理高比例可再生能源所导致的电网波动问题，并利用生成对抗网络(generative adversarial network，GAN)技术生成新数据，结合历史数据实现电网运行数据高精度预测。 结果 所提方法在正常状态、单点故障和两点故障3种情况下，均能实现电网的自动经济运行优化和自愈修复。 结论 与鲁棒规划和随机规划等方法相比，所提出方法可提升电网预测精度。
Objectives As the proportion of renewable energy in power grids increases year by year, the volatility and uncertainty of the grid are significantly heightened, posing challenges to the safe operation of distribution networks. To address the issue of distributed network reconfiguration in high-proportion renewable energy grids, this paper proposed an online rolling optimization framework. Methods The framework utilized a distributed consensus protocol to obtain network topology and node operation information. It can enable automatic reconfiguration in the event of N-1 and N-2 line failures, allowing the distribution network to automatically restore normal operation without the need for additional external triggering signals, thus ensuring economic operation of the grid. Additionally, a rolling optimization method was employed to handle grid fluctuations caused by the high proportion of renewable energy, and generative adversarial network (GAN) technology was used to generate new data, which combined with historical data. It can help to achieve high-precision forecasting of grid operation data. Results The proposed method can achieve automatic economic optimization and self-healing in normal, single-point failure, and two-point failure scenarios. Conclusions This method provides an effective solution for ensuring the safe operation of distributed networks in high-proportion renewable energy grids. |
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随着并网光伏数量和容量的增加，中压配电网电压波动及网损过大等问题日益突出。为此计及中压配电网的通信条件与计算能力等特点，提出了一种面向中压配电网的分布式光伏集中调控优化策略，抑制中压配电网电压波动及网损过大。分析光伏并网对配电网电压及网损影响，构建了以中压配电网潮流平衡方程、节点电压、支路电流及系统运行为约束，以网损最小、电压波动最小和分布式电源消纳最大为目标的多目标优化控制模型；采用商用CPLEX对模型进行求解；最后结合算例仿真对模型进行了有效性验证。结果表明，所提优化控制模型可有效降低配电网电压波动，合理分配分布式电源出力，降低网络损耗，同时保证光伏利用率处于相对合理区间。
With increasing PV connected to MV distribution network, the problem of node voltage fluctuation and network loss is becoming more and more serious. Taking the communication conditions and calculation capabilities of MV distribution networks into account, a centralized regulation optimization strategy for distributed PV connected to MV distribution network is proposed to realize the suppression of voltage fluctuation and excessive network loss. Firstly, the impacts of PV integration on node voltage and network loss are analyzed. Then, a multi-objective optimal control model is established, with the power flow balance equation, node voltage, branch current and system operation as constrains, and with the minimal network loss, minimal voltage fluctuation and maximum consumption of DGs as objective. In addition, the commercial CPLEX is used to solve the model. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified through case simulation. The results show that the proposed model can effectively reduce the voltage fluctuation and network loss, reasonably allocate the output of DGs and ensure the utilization of PV in a reasonable range.
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