“双碳”目标推动下新能源快速发展,电力系统不同时空尺度下的能量和功率平衡面临着巨大挑战,亟需开展未来电网尤其是配电网路径构建相关研究。具有自平衡调节能力的综合能源网络——微能网可充分发挥电网在推动能源零碳/低碳化生产消费中的枢纽作用,将在未来电网转型升级中发挥举足轻重的作用。首先,总结对比了传统配电网、主动配电网、未来低碳配电网发展演进阶段和模式;其次,基于未来新型“源网荷”特征,提出一种通过构建微能网,并利用微能网单元与配电网互联互动,自下而上逐层演变的未来配电网构建思路,并给出了一种原子型未来配电网组网形态构想;最后,从不同角度对未来配电网演化构建的研究方向进行了展望。

The new power system driven by the "dual carbon" goal cannot adapt to the top-down energy/power balance mode at different temporal and spatial scales.Therefore, it is urgent to conduct relevant research on the construction path of the future power grid, particularly the distribution network. The micro-energy network, a comprehensive energy network with self-balance regulation ability, can leverage the pivotal role of power grids in promoting zero-carbon/low-carbon energy production and consumption and will play a pivotal role in future power grid transformation and upgrading. First, the evolution stages and modes of traditional distribution networks, active distribution networks, and future low-carbon distribution networks are summarized and compared. Second, based on the characteristics of "source-network-load" in the future, a type of future distribution network construction idea of bottom-up evolution layer by layer is proposed by constructing micro-energy network and utilizing the interconnection and interaction between micro-energy network units and distribution network. Additionally, a type of atomic future distribution network is introduced. Finally, future research directions for the evolution of distribution networks are discussed from different perspectives.

目的 针对微电网的低碳转型，提出一种电-氢混合储能微电网的优化调度方法，以解决不同商业模式下的调度难题。 方法 首先，建立了包含电-氢混合储能的微电网数学模型，并基于多方合作供能和多方独立供能2种典型商业模式，构建了相应的多目标优化调度模型及其约束条件。然后，引入增强的非支配排序遗传算法II (non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II，NSGA-II)，将其与方差拥挤度计算方法和正态分布交叉算子相结合，以提高优化效率和求解精度。最后，结合东南沿海某地运行的电-氢混合储能微电网系统进行仿真实验，以验证所提方法的有效性。 结果 与优化前相比，多方合作供能商业模式的经济性提升约4.1%，弃风弃光率降低约19%，年度碳排放量减少约47.42 t。 结论 多方合作供能商业模式更符合当前我国电力市场的基本情况，且优化后的系统性能显著提高。所提优化调度方法能够有效支持电-氢混合储能微电网在不同商业模式下实现低碳转型。

Objectives Aiming at the low-carbon transformation of micro-grid, an optimal scheduling method for electric-hydrogen hybrid energy storage micro-grid was proposed to address the scheduling challenges under different business models. Methods Firstly, a mathematical model of micro-grid with electro-hydrogen hybrid energy storage was developed. Based on two typical business models of multi-party cooperative energy supply and multi-party independent energy supply were analyzed. Based on these models, the corresponding multi-objective optimization scheduling models and these constraints were constructed. Then, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) was introduced, which was combined with variance crowding distance method and normal distribution crossover operator to improve optimization efficiency and solution accuracy. Finally, the simulation experiments were conducted using an operational electro-hydrogen hybrid energy storage micro-grid system in a southeastern coastal area to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results Compared with before optimization, the economy of the multi-party cooperative energy supply business model is improved by about 4.1%, the wind-solar energy abandon rate is reduced by about 19%, and the annual carbon emission is reduced by about 47.42 t. Conclusions The multi-party cooperative energy supply business model aligns better with the current power market conditions of China’s, and the optimized system performance is significantly enhanced. This study demonstrates that the proposed optimization scheduling method effectively supports the low-carbon transition of electro-hydrogen hybrid energy storage micro-grid under various business models.