目的 传统电储能在规模、持续时间和环境影响等方面存在局限性，而且微电网中新能源消纳能力低，规划时无法兼顾低碳性和经济性。为解决以上问题，基于氢储能基本工作原理，将氢储能代替传统电储能纳入到微电网中，建立了含氢储能的微电网低碳-经济协同双层优化配置模型。 方法 上层规划模型以微电网综合等年值最小为目标，在电-氢联合运行的基础上，引入碳交易机制对微电网中各发电设备进行容量规划，提高了系统的低碳性；下层运行模型以最小化新能源出力与负荷需求之差的绝对值之和为目标，鼓励用户采取以精确追踪新能源出力曲线为目标的多样化需求侧响应行为，并将用户的用能行为调整反馈至上层模型，实现了对负荷曲线的优化。 结果 某工业园区微电网仿真验证表明，所提方法得到的规划方案具有良好的低碳性和经济性，与传统规划方法相比，低碳性和经济性分别提高了53.6%和37.1%。 结论 所建模型在提高新能源消纳能力的基础上进一步提高了系统的经济性，实现了微电网低碳性和经济性的协同优化。

Objectives Traditional electric energy storage has limitations in scale, duration, and environmental impact.Moreover, the renewable energy absorption capacity in the microgrid is low, and low-carbon and economy cannot be taken into account in planning. In order to solve the above problems, based on the basic working principle of hydrogen energy storage, hydrogen energy storage was incorporated into the microgrid instead of traditional electric energy storage, and a low-carbon and economic synergy bi-level optimization configuration model of microgrid with hydrogen energy storage was established. Methods The upper-level planning model aimed at minimizing the comprehensive equivalent annual value of the microgrid, based on the joint operation of electricity and hydrogen. The carbon trading mechanism was introduced to plan the capacity of various power generation equipments in the microgrid, which can enhance the low-carbon of the system. The lower-level operation model aimed to minimize the sum of the absolute values of the difference between the new energy output and the load demand. The model also encouraged users to adopt diversified demand-side response behaviors with the goal of accurately tracking the new energy output curve, and feeded back the user’s energy consumption behavior to the upper-level model to optimize the load curve. On the basis of improving the absorption capacity of new energy, the system economy is further improved, deeply exploring the synergy between the low-carbon and economic characteristics of microgrids. Results The simulation results of microgrid in a certain industrial park show that the proposed method yields a planning scheme with excellent low-carbon and economy. Compared with the traditional planning method, the low-carbon and economy are improved by 53.6% and 37.1%, respectively. Conclusions The model presented in this paper not only enhances the capacity for new energy absorption but also further improves the system economic performance. It achieves a synergistic enhancement of the microgrid low-carbon and economy.

为使孤岛微网能更大程度地实现源侧发电功率与荷侧用电需求之间的匹配程度,以灵活性理论为依据,提出考虑灵活性供需匹配的优化调度模型。以最大化经济效益和最大化灵活性供需匹配程度为目标,利用多目标粒子群优化算法得到该优化问题的Pareto解集,并从中选取更符合实际需求的解。算例仿真结果表明,所提优化调度策略能有效提升系统应对可再生能源发电机组出力的波动性与随机性的能力,提高经济效益。

In order to enable the isolated microgrid to achieve a greater degree of matching between the source-side power and the load-side power, based on the flexibility theory, an optimal scheduling model considering the matching of the flexible supply and demand is proposed. With the goal of maximizing economic benefits and maximizing the degree of flexibility in matching between supply and demand, the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to obtain the Pareto solution set of the optimization problem, and a solution that is more in line with actual needs is selected. The simulation results show that the proposed optimal scheduling strategy can effectively improve the system’s ability to deal with the volatility and randomness of the output of renewable energy generator sets, and improve economic benefits.