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计及海量清洁能源接入的交直流配电网电碳耦合规划方法
Electric-Carbon Coupled Planning Method for AC/DC Distribution Network Considering Massive Clean Energy Access
在能耗双控向碳排放双控转变的背景下，传统以能量平衡为基础的规划方法难以准确衡量配电网的投资和运行成本，该文提出面向海量清洁能源接入的交直流配电网电碳耦合规划双层模型。首先，提出电碳耦合的交直流配电网规划方法，构建交直流电网潮流和碳排放的耦合上层数学模型，该模型以“电+碳”投资和运行成本最低为目标函数，考虑了配电网消耗化石能源在开采、运输、燃烧阶段的全生命周期碳核算和基于网络功率实时损耗的动态碳排放；其次，针对极端场景下的碳税波动问题，构建基于条件风险价值（conditional value at risk， CVaR）法的碳税修正下层数学模型，提出基于CVaR法的碳税修正策略，研究计及极端碳税的风险衡量方法，将碳税修正值反馈至上层规划模型，进一步优化规划策略使其适用于极端风险碳税波动情况。仿真结果表明，相较于传统交流电网规划结果，所提模型“电+碳”交直流配电网的规划结果更加准确，也能更好地适应碳税极端波动对规划结果的影响。
Against the backdrop of the transition from dual control of energy consumption to dual control of carbon emissions， traditional planning methods based on energy balance are difficult to accurately assess the investment and operational costs of distribution networks. This paper presents a bi-level model of electric-carbon coupled planning for AC/DC distribution network for massive clean energy access. Firstly， this paper introduces an electric-carbon coupled planning methodology for AC/DC distribution networks and develops a upper-level mathematical model that couples AC/DC power flow with carbon emissions. The objective function of the model aims to minimize the combined “electricity + carbon” investment and operational costs， taking into account the full lifecycle carbon accounting of fossil energy consumed by distribution network across extraction， transportation， and combustion stages， as well as dynamic carbon emissions based on real-time network power losses. Secondly， addressing the challenge of carbon tax fluctuations in extreme scenarios， this paper constructs a lower-level mathematical model for carbon tax correction based on conditional value at risk （CVaR）， and proposes a CVaR-based carbon tax correction strategy and investigates a risk measurement approach that accounts for extreme carbon taxes. The corrected carbon tax values are then fed back into the upper-level planning model to further refine the planning strategy， ensuring adaptability to the impacts of extreme carbon tax fluctuations. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed “electricity + carbon” AC/DC distribution network planning yields more accurate results compared to traditional AC network planning and exhibits superior adaptability to the impacts of extreme carbon tax fluctuations on planning outcomes.
电碳耦合 / 交直流配电网 / 配电网规划 / 条件风险价值（CVaR） / 碳税
electric-carbon coupled / AC/DC distribution network / distribution network planning / conditional value at risk （CVaR） / carbon tax
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Promoting the carbon market will help achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. The power industry will face a multi-entity and multi-market coordinated trading pattern of electricity-carbon market coupling, in which environmental costs are transmitted into the electricity market through the carbon market. However, in the current market-clearing mechanism, the environmental benefits of power generators have not been effectively included, resulting in unsatisfactory results for low-emission units, mainly based on new energy sources, which affects the realization of goals. Therefore, by introducing incentive factors to adjust the bidding strategy of unit power generation, an incentive-clearing mechanism to promote the absorption of new energy was designed under the background of electricity-carbon market coupling. Thus, a two-layer model is established: the upper layer models the bidding strategy of heterogeneous power generators, and the lower layer models the incentive market-clearing mechanism. The model is solved with a deep reinforcement learning algorithm. The analysis indicates that the design model can correctly describe the interaction between the coupling markets and that the designed clearing mechanism increases the proportion of power generation in new energy units, promotes the absorption of new energy, and improves the social and emission reduction benefits of the power industry.
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Recently, in the face of global climate problems and challenges posed by the scarcity of conventional fossil energy sources, governments have successively proposed strategic goals for energy conservation, emission reduction, and support for renewable energy development. The carbon emissions market and renewable portfolio standards are important market tools for reducing carbon emissions and promoting renewable energy consumption. As the main responsible body of CO2 emission, the low-carbon green transformation of power system is the key link to help the “carbon peak, carbon neutral” target, and the coupling of electricity-carbon-renewable portfolio standard will help to promote CO2 emission reduction and renewable energy consumption to a greater extent. First, it analyzes the interaction mechanism between the electricity and carbon markets and the electricity and renewable portfolio standards. Second, it summarizes the current research status of coupled electricity-carbon-renewable portfolio trading from the perspectives of trading mechanism design, trading optimization, and market trading technology. Furthermore, this study describes the current status and mechanisms of the domestic and international implementation of carbon markets and renewable portfolio standards to reflect the policy environment for emissions reduction in different countries. Finally, the challenges and limitations faced by the construction of Chinas electricity-carbon-renewable portfolio-coupling mechanism are sorted out. In addition, the prospect of the synergistic development of the electricity market, carbon market, and renewable portfolio standards is proposed to provide a reference for constructing Chinas coupling trading mechanism and help achieve the goal of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality.”
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