由于自然界风能资源复杂多变的特性，数值模型及工具在海上风电开发过程中风资源评估的重要性日渐凸显。对海上风能资源评估数学建模方法及工具的国内外技术现状进行了梳理，阐述了线性模型、计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics，CFD)模型、中尺度气象模型等不同建模工具的技术特点及存在的不足。近年来，多尺度嵌套的建模框架日渐成为学术界和工业界关注的重点。将中尺度与微尺度模式结合在一起嵌套使用，能够有效解决单一尺度模型适用性不足的问题。海气耦合模型通过考虑海气相互作用，能够有效提高海上风场模拟的效果，未来将在海上风电风能资源与海洋环境评估领域发挥越来越重要的作用。此外，对现有的不同尾流评估模型的特点以及在尾流评估中需要解决的问题进行了讨论。总体而言，当下迫切需要更多研究工作来提高未来海上风能资源评估的准确性。

Considering the complex and volatile nature of wind energy, numerical models/tools are becoming increasingly important for offshore wind resource assessment. This paper presents an overview on different types of numerical methods/tools used in the offshore wind energy resource assessment. The characteristics and limitations of linear, computational fluid dynamics(CFD), and mesoscale meteorological models have been delineated. The multi-scale modeling framework are attracting more and more attentions in academic and industrial area. Coupling the mesoscale model with a microscale model is proposed to be an efficient method to resolve the limitations of single scale models. The air-sea coupling model has been proved to have better performances in simulating offshore wind, which is expected to be increasingly important for wind resource and ocean environment assessment in the offshore wind farm development. The characteristic of various wake models are thoroughly discussed here. Some challenges existed in an accurate quantification of wake effects are identified in order to guide future research in this area. Overall, further efforts are urgently needed in improving the offshore wind resource assessment.