实时电价是智能电网需求侧管理的有效方法，对于维持电力供需平衡、削峰填谷至关重要。为提高实时电价模型的低碳经济性和精确性，在充分考虑用户与供电侧双方利益前提下提出碳交易机制，并根据新能源的发电特性构建风光出力不确定模型，建立以用户总效用最大、供电侧成本最小为目标的社会福利最大化实时电价模型。提出基于改进交替方向乘子法(alternating direction method of multiplier, ADMM)，即高斯回代交替方向乘子法(ADMM with Gaussian back substitution, ADMM-GBS)的分布式优化调度方法，通过将不确定模型转化为确定模型求解。仿真结果表明，所提实时电价策略能够提升社会福利，验证了模型和算法的有效性。

Real-time price is an effective method for demand side management in smart grids, which is crucial for maintaining power supply and demand balance and peak shaving and valley filling. In order to improve the low-carbon economy and accuracy of the real-time price model, and fully consider the interests of both users and the power supply side, the paper proposes a carbon trading mechanism and constructs an uncertain model of wind and solar output based on the power generation characteristics of new energy. A real-time price model for maximizing social welfare is established with the goal of maximizing the total utility of users and minimizing the cost of power supply. A distributed optimization scheduling method is proposed based on the improved alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM), namely ADMM with Gaussian back substitution (ADMM-GBS). The method solves the problem by transforming the uncertain model into a deterministic model. The simulation results show that the proposed real-time price strategy can improve social welfare, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm.