大力发展新能源是我国实现碳达峰、碳中和战略目标，加速能源结构绿色低碳转型的刚性需求与必由之路。本文在调研分析我国新能源发展现状和趋势的基础上，展望了我国中期（2030年）、远期（2060年）高比例新能源并网场景；阐述了高比例新能源并网与运行面临的高效消纳与能源保障难题并存、安全稳定运行难度剧增、电力市场机制不适应等挑战；从电源侧、电网侧、负荷侧、储能及基础支撑4个方面，全面分析了高比例新能源并网与运行关键技术体系。着眼我国高比例新能源并网与运行的长期稳健发展，提出了加强协调规划、提升灵活平衡能力，强化技术攻关、突破关键技术体系，建立衔接机制、支撑新能源参与市场，深化市场设计、适应新能源消纳场景等建议，可为电力领域规划、电力技术研究提供基础参考。

Vigorously developing new energy is vital for China to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and to accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation of its energy structure. This study first investigates the current status and trend of China's new energy development and then prospects grid integration scenarios for a high proportion of new energies in China in the medium (2030) and long term (2060). The challenges faced by the grid integration are analyzed, including coexistence of high-efficiency consumption and energy guarantee problems, increasing difficulty in safe and stable operation, and an unsuitable power market mechanism. Moreover, a key technology system is proposed from the perspectives of source side, grid side, load side, as well as energy storage and basic support. To achieve long-term steady development of the gird integration and operation for the high-proportioned new energy, we propose to strengthen coordinated planning to promote flexibility, make breakthroughs in key technologies, establish an interim mechanism between new energy policies and the power market, and improve the design of the power market to adapt to new energy consumption scenarios. This study could provide a basic reference for the research on power system planning and electric technologies.

我国正在加快构建清洁低碳、安全高效的能源体系，显著的特点就是推动新能源装机快速发展。但随着新能源装机规模的不断增加，其出力的随机波动性给电力系统的功率平衡带来了巨大的调峰压力，也成为制约高比例新能源消纳的主要因素；同时，由于新能源等电力电子设备的弱支撑性，高比例新能源电力系统的安全稳定也面临巨大的挑战。本文结合新能源并网分布特点及其快速增长带来的调节需求，提出了增强电力系统调节能力配置储能的分析原则；结合特高压电网安全运行需求，分析了储能提升特高压电网安全性方面的作用，在受端电网内配置GW级（数百万千瓦）的电化学储能电站，参与电网频率安全控制，能有效应对功率不平衡量的冲击、减少系统频率跌落的幅度、改善频率恢复特性、保障系统的频率稳定性。综合分析表明，推动GW级电化学储能应用，构建更加灵活高效的电力系统，既能有效促进新能源健康发展和高效利用，也可有力保障含高比例新能源和高比例电力电子设备的电力系统的安全稳定运行。电化学储能在电力系统中的试点应用取得了大量经验，为下一步大规模应用奠定了良好的基础。

China is speeding up the construction of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system. The remarkable feature is to promote the rapid development of new energy installation. However, with the continuous increase of new energy installation, the random fluctuation of its output has brought huge peak regulation pressure to the power balance, and has become the main factor restricting the high proportion of new energy consumption. At the same time, due to the weak support of power electronic equipment of new energy, the security and stability of high proportion of new energy power system is also facing great challenges. Combined with the characteristics of new energy distribution, as well as the regulation demand brought by its rapid growth, this paper puts forward the analysis principle of enhancing power system regulation capacity and allocating energy storage; Combined with the safe operation requirements of UHV power grid, the role of energy storage in improving the security of UHV power grid is analyzed. The GW level energy storage is configured in the receiving end power grid to participate in the power grid frequency safety control, which can effectively reduce the impact of power imbalance, reduce the amplitude of system frequency drop, improve the frequency recovery characteristics, and ensure the frequency stability of the system. Comprehensive analysis shows that promoting the application of GW level electrochemical energy storage and building a more flexible and efficient power system can not only effectively promote the healthy development and efficient utilization of new energy, but also effectively guarantee the safe and stable operation of the power system with high proportion of new energy and high proportion of power electronic equipment. The pilot application of electrochemical energy storage in power system has gained a lot of experience, which lays a good foundation for the next large-scale application.

在“双碳”发展目标下，新能源侧的储能需求已从“促进消纳”提升至“促进消纳+主动支撑电网”。面向此技术背景，提出了兼顾新能源消纳和主动支撑电网能力提升的多类型储能容量优化配置方法，并通过引入典型工况特征曲线提取方法优化了复杂模型的求解过程，最后基于典型新能源电站的历史数据测算了“促进消纳”和“促进消纳+主动支撑”场景下的储能配置需求及经济性，对比结果表明相较于“促进消纳”，“促进消纳+主动支撑”场景从技术上更能满足新能源侧的储能需求，且具有更好的经济性。

Under the dual-carbon development target, the demand for energy storage on the new energy side has been raised from “promoting consumption” to “promoting consumption + actively supporting the grid.” In view of this technical background, this study proposes an optimal configuration method for a multitype energy-storage capacity to enhance the ability of new energy consumption and actively support the grid. A method for extracting the characteristic curves of typical working conditions was introduced to optimize the solving process of the complex model. In addition, based on the historical data of typical new energy power plants, the energy storage configuration requirements and economy under the three scenarios of “active support,” “promoting consumption,” and “promoting consumption + active support” were calculated. The results show that the scenario of “promoting consumption + active support” can technically meet the energy storage demand of the new energy side better, and it improves the economy.

锂离子电池作为目前主要的新型储能技术,得到了高度重视和发展,单个电池储能电站的装机规模越来越大。由于大型储能电站往往由众多小容量、标准化的储能系统单元聚集而成,如何实现多储能单元集群的高效控制与管理,是储能电站整体性能的重要保证。针对大型储能电站的集控技术进行研究,在系统功能需求分析的基础上,提出了基于EtherCAT的集控架构和网络分层方法,对集控管理层、单元控制层和受控设备层进行了优化设计,并对通信能力进行了计算。最后搭建了实验平台验证了所提架构和设计的有效性,为大型储能电站参与电力系统多种运行的快速性和可靠性提供了技术参考。

Lithium-ion batteries, the leading new energy storage technology, have been highly valued and developed. The installed capacity of single-battery energy-storage plants (BESP) continues to grow. Given that a BESP is often composed of many small-capacity standardized energy storage system units, achieving efficient control and management of multiple energy storage unit clusters is an essential guarantee for optimizing the overall performance of energy storage power plants. Cluster control technologies of the BESP were investigated in this study. Based on the BESP control functional requirements analysis, a control architecture and network-layering method based on EtherCAT were proposed. Optimizations were made for the cluster control and management, unit control, and controlled equipment layers, and the communication capability of the BESP control system was calculated. Finally, an experimental platform was set up to verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture and design process. This provides a technical reference for large-scale BESP to contribute to the rapid and reliable operation of various power systems.

近年来，锂离子电池在储能电站调频领域得到了飞速发展。为满足调频电站的电压和功率要求，需将大量电池单体进行串联，如此产生的电池组串联不一致性问题，以及调频过程中高倍率和频繁切换充放电状态对不一致性程度的加剧，严重影响电池组的使用寿命和安全性能。针对上述问题，本文基于调频储能串联锂离子电池模组不一致性问题的形成原因，归纳分析用于改善电池组串联不一致性问题的均衡技术和均衡策略。其中，均衡拓扑结构按能量流向角度进行分类梳理，均衡控制策略则基于均衡的不同目标进行优劣分析。在此基础上对锂离子调频电池模组均衡技术的发展趋势进行展望。

Lithium-ion batteries have gained rapid development in the feld of frequency regulation of energy storage power stations. In order to meet the voltage and power requirements of the frequency modulation power station, a large number of battery cells need to be connected in series, then battery cells imbalance problem may occur. Moreover, the high rate and frequent switching of the charge and discharge state of battery packs in the frequency modulation process increase the degree of inconsistency, which seriously affects the cycle life and safety performance of the battery packs. In view of the problems mentioned above, this paper summarizes the causes of the inconsistency problem of series-connected lithium-ion battery packs, and evaluates the strategies which are used to improve the consistency of the battery packs. Among them, the balancing topologies are sorted according to the energy flow, while the balancing strategies are based on the different objectives. On this basis, the development trend of equalization technology for lithium-ion frequency modulation battery packs is prospected.