为探究环境条件的时空分布差异性对太阳能直膨式光伏光热(PVT)热泵系统运行性能的影响,进行数学建模与性能仿真,分析了系统在不同地区采暖季内的运行性能。结果表明:由于入射太阳辐射的效应,在不同地区,系统的采暖季平均蒸发温度都提高至接近甚至超过环境温度的水平,显著改善了系统的热力性能;当冷凝温度为50 ℃时,系统在北京、拉萨、兰州的采暖季平均COP分别为3.67、5.01和3.41;采暖季平均单板得热功率分别为541 W、810 W和504 W,得热因子分别为71.7%、62.0%和79.3%,光伏发电增益分别为4.76%、8.67%和6.10%。

In order to reveal the effect of the temporal-spatial variation of the environmental conditions on the performance of the solar-assisted direct expansion photovoltaic-thermal(PVT) heat pump, the mathematical modelling and simulation were conducted. The performance of the PVT heat pump within the heating season in different areas was analyzed. Results show that the average evaporation temperature of the PVT heat pump system is enhanced to the level near to, even over the ambient temperature due to the solar irradiation, which improves the thermodynamic performance considerably. When the condensing temperature is 50 ℃, the average COP during the heating season in Beijing, Lhasa, and Lanzhou is 3.67, 5.01 and 3.41 respectively, the average heat gain power of a single module is 541 W, 810 W and 504 W respectively, and the heat gain factor is 71.7%, 62.0% and 79.3% respectively, the power generation benefit is 4.76%, 8.67% and 6.10% respectively.

为解决太阳电池的发电效率随温度升高而下降以及地源热泵系统供热引起的土壤热失衡问题,以典型居住建筑的光伏/光热-地源热泵（PV/T-GSHP）联合供热系统为研究对象,基于TRNSYS软件,采用土壤温度、地源热泵机组季节能效比、光伏发电效率和太阳能保证率为评价指标,对该联合供热系统进行运行性能分析。研究结果表明：夏热冬冷地区（以长沙为例）太阳能保证率相对较高,PV/T组件面积为满屋顶最大化安装（900 m²）时,第20年末土壤温度相比初始地温仅升高0.8 ℃,热泵机组季节能效比约为5.1,太阳能保证率为97.0%~98.7%;不同气候地区的太阳能保证率与PV/T组件面积和建筑全年累计供热量有关,通过定义单位建筑全年累计供热量PV/T组件面积指标,得到中国不同气候地区的太阳能保证率与该指标的耦合关系,回归方程的决定系数R²为0.983,得出在已知建筑全年累计供热量和太阳保证率设计目标值的条件下所需PV/T组件面积的计算方法。PV/T-GSHP联合供热系统的全年运行能耗显著小于平板太阳能集热器-地源热泵联合系统（最小降幅为沈阳,49.7%）,远小于空气源热泵（最小降幅为石家庄,79.8%）和燃气壁挂炉（最小降幅为沈阳,65.1%）。

In order to solve the problem that the electrical efficiency of photovoltaic cells decreases with the increase of temperature, and the soil heat imbalance caused by ground source heat pump system heating, the operation performance of the solar photovoltaic/thermal-ground source heat pump （PV/T-GSHP） hybrid heating system is investigated using TRNSYS software. A typical residential building model is used, and the soil temperature, seasonal coefficient of performance for heat pump units （<em>SCOP</em>_HP）, photovoltaic electrical efficiency and solar fraction are taken as the evaluation indexes. It is found that： the solar fraction is relatively high in hot summer and cold winter region（take Changsha as a case）, the soil temperature at the end of 20^th years is only 0.8 ℃ higher than the initial ground temperature, the <em>SCOP</em>_HP is about 5.1 and the solar fraction is 97.0%-98.7%, when the PV/T modules are installed on full of the roof （900 m²）; The solar fraction in different climate regions is related to the area of PV/T modules and the cumulative heat load of building. By defining the index, PV/T module area per accumulated heat load of building, the coupling relationship between the solar fraction and the defined index in different climate regions of China is obtained. In the regression equation, the coefficient of determination, <em>R</em>², is 0.983. The area of PV/T modules required can be calculated from the regression equation when the building cumulative heat load and solar fraction are known. The annual primary energy consumption of PV/T-GSHP hybrid heating system is significantly less than that of flat panel solar collector and ground source heat pump hybrid heating system （the minimum decrease is in Shenyang, 49.7%）, much less than that of air source heat pump system （the minimum decrease is in Shijiazhuang, 79.8%） and gas wall mounted furnace system （the minimum decrease is in Shenyang, 65.1%）, respectively.

针对传统太阳能光伏光热PV/T双源热泵存在的热力性能差、能量损耗大等问题,提出一种光伏直驱PV/T双源热泵制热水系统（太阳能+空气源）,并对系统进行实验研究。结果表明,在室外平均环境温度27.9 ℃、平均太阳辐射强度691.1 W/m²的夏天户外实验工况下,系统运行约4 h,将250 L 26.5 ℃的水加热到目标温度55 ℃,热泵平均COP为8.83。实验期间,PV/T光伏组件的平均温度比同样工况下的纯参比光伏组件温度降低9.8 ℃,光电性能相对提高17.53%。

In order to solve the problems of poor thermal performance and large energy loss of traditional PV/T（photovoltaic-thermal） dual-source heat pump, a photovoltaic direct-driven PV/T dual-source heat pump hot water system （solar + air source） is proposed in this paper, and the experimental study of the system is carried out. The results show that under the outdoor experimental conditions of the average outdoor ambient temperature of 27.9 ℃ and the average solar radiation intensity of 691.1 W/m² in summer, the system runs for about 4 h, the 250 L of water at 26.5 ℃ is heated to the target temperature of 55 ℃, and the average COP of the heat pump is 8.83. During the experiment, the average temperature of the PV/T module is 9.8 ℃ lower than that of the pure photovoltaic module under the same operating conditions, and the optoelectronic performance is relatively improved by 17.53%.

针对蓄热水箱容积以及集热循环泵流量对蓄热型太阳能光伏光热组件与热泵一体化系统的整体能效有影响。建立了基于效率的系统整体性能指标，利用TRNSYS软件搭建了系统仿真模型，通过输入试验环境参数将模拟结果与试验结果进行了对比分析，发现试验数据和模拟数据的变化趋势基本一致。最后利用该仿真模型对系统进行了模拟研究。分别对蓄热水箱蓄水量为300，500，700 L时系统运行的整体效率进行计算，结果表明蓄热水箱容量为500 L时系统的运行效率最高。对集热循环水泵流量分别为0.9，1.1，1.3，1.5 m³/h时系统的运行状况进了模拟研究，得出集热循环水泵最佳流量为1.1 m³/h。

Considering the influence of heat storage water tank volume and heat collection circulating pump on the overall energy efficiency of the integrated system of the solar photovoltaic solar-thermal components,the overall performance index of the system based on exergy efficiency was established. Then the system simulation model was built by using TRNSYS software. The simulation results were compared with the experimental results by inputting the experimental environmental parameters. It is found that the trends of the experimental data and the simulated data were basically the same.Finally,the simulation model was used to simulate and optimize the system.The overall exergy efficiency of the system was calculated for the heat storage water tanks of 300,500,700 L,respectively,and the system efficiency was the highest when the heat storage water tank was 500 L. After that,the operating conditions of the system were simulated at the flowrates of the heat collecting pump of 0.9,1.1,1.3,1.5 m 3/h,respectively. It was found that the optimal flowrate of the collector pump was 1.1 m³/h.