随着大规模分散且多样化的分布式资源接入，虚拟电厂（virtual power plant，VPP）技术已成为有效管理和优化需求侧资源的重要工具。为使 VPP 更好地满足新型电力系统的发展需要，提出了一种考虑不确定性风险的 VPP 参与绿证-碳联合交易的优化调度模型。首先，构建了由风电机组、光伏机组、燃气轮机组、储能设备和用户侧柔性负荷组成的 VPP 优化运行模型，该模型以 VPP 运行成本最小为目标，并考虑了电市场、绿证-碳联合交易机制以及激励型需求响应。其次，综合考虑 VPP 中的源、荷以及需求响应等多重不确定性因素，运用条件风险价值（conditional value-at-risk ，CVaR）理论对不确定因素风险进行量化处理。最后，通过算例分析，验证了所提模型的经济性和环保性，所考虑的CVaR也为 VPP 利润与风险的平衡提供了有力的决策依据。

With the integration of large-scale， distributed， and diverse distributed resources， virtual power plant （VPP） technology has become a vital tool for effectively managing and optimizing demand-side resources. To better align VPPs with the development needs of China’s new-type power system， this paper proposes an optimal scheduling model for VPPs participating in a green certificate-carbon joint trading mechanism， taking into account uncertainty risks. First， an optimal operation model for a VPP is constructed， consisting of wind turbines， photovoltaic units， gas turbine units， energy storage systems， and flexible load resources on the user side. The objective is to minimize the VPP’s operating cost， considering electricity markets， the green certificate-carbon joint trading mechanism， and incentive-based demand response. Second， multiple uncertainty factors within the VPP， such as generation sources， loads， and demand response， are comprehensively considered， and the conditional value-at-risk （CVaR） theory is applied to quantify the risks associated with these uncertainties. Finally， a case study is introduced to verify the economic and environmental benefits of the proposed model. The inclusion of CVaR also provides a robust decision-making basis for balancing VPP profits and risks.