发展风力发电是实现“双碳”目标的重要举措，风电机组的安全可靠运行是保障其可持续运行的基础。连接螺栓作为风电机组的关键紧固部件，长期承受交变载荷与环境侵蚀，易出现松动、疲劳断裂等安全隐患，威胁机组运行安全。本文基于磁场信号研发了适用于塔筒和叶根螺栓的应力状态检测传感装置，在此基础上搭建了专用的实验测试系统，着重测定了两种传感器的磁记忆信号随螺栓应力变化的定量结果。实验发现：螺栓侧部能够检测到应力引起的磁信号，当拉伸螺栓时磁记忆信号随应力变化而线性变化，可通过磁信号值实现螺栓应力状态监测。实验结果同时表明：螺栓材料的变化对应力状态与磁信号变化规律的影响较小，但是不同的螺栓等级的磁信号随应力状态变化曲线的斜率存在不同，需要通过标定提前确认其变化规律。本文的测试分析可以为风电机组螺栓状态远程监测和早期诊断等工程应用提供必要的实验基础和参考数据。

The development of wind power generation is a critical measure for achieving the “dual carbon” goals. The safe and reliable operation of wind turbines is the foundation for ensuring their sustainable operation. As key fastening components of wind turbines， connection bolts are subjected to alternating loads and environmental corrosion over long periods， making them prone to loosening，fatigue fractures，and other safety risks that threaten the operational safety of the turbines. To address this issue， this study proposes a stress state detection sensor device  for tower and blade root bolts based on magnetic field signals. On this basis, a dedicated experimental testing system was established to quantitatively investigate the correlation between magnetic memory signals and bolt stress. Experimental results demonstrate that stress-induced magnetic signals can be effectively detected on the bolt surface. Under tensile loading， the magnetic memory signals exhibit a clear linear response to stress variations， enabling reliable stress state monitoring through magnetic measurements. Furthermore， the influence of bolt material on the relationship between stress and magnetic signal variation is relatively minor. In contrast， significant differences are observed in the slopes of the magnetic signal–stress curves for bolts of different strength grades， indicating the necessity of prior calibration. The test analysis in this paper can provide the necessary experimental foundation and reference data for engineering applications such as remote monitoring and early diagnosis of wind turbine bolt conditions.