国家“双碳”战略目标的提出和碳交易市场的完善对微电网的调度运营提出了更高要求，该文以减排、降本为目标，综合考虑负荷约束、储能设备充放电约束、碳配额约束，构建了包括光伏、风电、柴油发电机组以及储能模块的微电网低碳运营-经济效益双层优化模型。外层规划模型引入碳资产运营机制，基于改进的遗传算法优化微电网运营策略，提高经济效益的同时确保系统低碳运行；内层需求响应模型通过激励手段改善用户用电行为，优化负荷曲线，并将执行需求响应后的负荷反馈至外层模型。内、外双层模型交互迭代直至各设备配置和负荷曲线均达到最优，从而实现负荷与碳排放的双向互动。多个场景下的仿真结果表明，所提双层优化模型能显著降低微电网运营成本、降低碳排放量。敏感性分析结果显示，碳交易价格对于运营策略和成本有较大影响。

The proposal of the national “dual carbon” strategic goals and the improvement of the carbon trading market have placed higher demands on the dispatch and operation strategies of microgrids. Aiming at emission reduction and cost
lowering, this paper develops a dual-layer optimization model for low-carbon and economic operation of microgrids, which includes photovoltaic, wind power, diesel generator sets, and energy storage modules, while considering load constraints,charging/discharging  constraints  of  storage  devices,  and  carbon  quota  constraints.  The  outer-layer  planning  model introduces  a  carbon  asset  operation  mechanism  and  uses  an  improved  genetic  algorithm  to  optimize  microgrid  operation strategies,  improving  economic  benefits  while  ensuring  low-carbon  system operation.  The  inner-layer  demand  response model improves user electricity consumption behavior through incentive measures, optimizes the load curve, and feeds back the  user  response  after  implementing  demand  response  to  the  outer-layer  model.  The  inner  and  outer  layers  interact iteratively until both equipment configurations and load curves reach optimum, thereby achieving a bidirectional interaction between load and carbon emissions. Simulation results under multiple scenarios demonstrate that the proposed dual-layer optimization  model  can  significantly  reduce  microgrid  operation  costs  and  carbon  emissions.  Sensitivity  analysis  results show that carbon trading prices have a significant impact on operation strategies and costs.