针对高比例新能源接入导致系统惯量时变、传统火储调频策略适应性不足的问题，提出一种基于在线惯量评估与死区自适应优化的火储协同频率控制策略。该策略构建了分层协调机制：在小扰动工况下，利用储能作为快速分布式灵活性资源优先动作，通过低死区设计避免火电机组频繁磨损；在大扰动工况下，基于系统频率响应反演辨识等效惯量，自适应调整储能的虚拟惯量与下垂系数，实现对系统阻尼的动态补偿。此外，建立了包含循环寿命衰减的储能全生命周期成本模型，量化分析了策略的经济效益。仿真结果表明，所提策略在有效平抑系统振荡的同时，显著降低了综合调频成本，为分布式储能参与电网辅助服务及低惯量系统频率治理提供了兼具技术性与经济性的解决方案。

To address the challenges posed by time-varying system inertia and the insufficient adaptability of conventional thermal-storage frequency regulation strategies under high renewable penetration, this paper proposes a coordinated thermal-storage frequency control strategy based on online inertia estimation and adaptive deadband optimization. The strategy employs a hierarchical coordination mechanism: under small disturbances, energy storage systems—acting as fast, distributed flexible resources—are prioritized for response through a reduced deadband setting, thereby avoiding frequent cycling and wear of thermal units; under large disturbances, the equivalent system inertia is identified via inversion of the frequency response, enabling adaptive adjustment of the storage’s virtual inertia and droop coefficient to dynamically compensate system damping. Furthermore, a full-lifecycle cost model incorporating cycle-life degradation is established to quantify the economic benefits of the proposed strategy. Simulation results demonstrate that the approach effectively mitigates system oscillations while significantly reducing overall frequency regulation costs, offering a technically and economically viable solution for distributed energy storage participation in grid ancillary services and frequency stability management in low-inertia power systems.