为应对“双碳”目标与能源转型背景下高比例分布式光伏接入配电网引发的电压越限、频率波动等问题，以及传统跟网型储能因被动响应特性难以支撑电网稳定运行的局限。以构网型储能为核心调控手段，构建“选址-定容-控制”协同优化的双层模型，采用场景分析法处理光伏出力不确定性，并结合改进粒子群算法与内点法的混合优化方法求解模型，实现经济性与技术性的多目标平衡。构网型储能可有效抑制光伏反送电现象，显著提升光伏消纳率；在故障场景下，可增强配电网的自恢复能力。通过融合虚拟同步机控制技术与多目标协同优化策略，突破了传统储能被动响应的技术瓶颈，为高比例新能源配电网的安全稳定运行提供了系统性解决方案。

To address voltage violations, frequency fluctuations, and other challenges caused by the high-penetration integration of distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation into distribution networks under the “dual carbon” goals and energy transition, as well as the limitations of conventional grid-following energy storage systems due to their passive response characteristics, this paper proposes a grid-forming energy storage-based solution. A bi-level coordinated optimization model integrating site selection, capacity allocation, and control is developed. Scenario analysis is employed to handle PV output uncertainty, and a hybrid optimization method combining an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm with an interior-point method is adopted to solve the model, achieving a multi-objective balance between economic and technical performance. The proposed grid-forming energy storage effectively mitigates reverse power flow from PV systems and significantly improves PV curtailment reduction. Under fault conditions, it enhances the self-healing capability of the distribution network. By integrating virtual synchronous generator control with a multi-objective coordinated optimization strategy, the approach overcomes the technical bottleneck of passive response inherent in traditional energy storage, offering a systematic solution for the secure and stable operation of distribution networks with high renewable penetration.