面向配电网承载力提升的虚拟电厂形态演进：国际前沿与中国路径

doi:10.16513/j.2096-2185.DE.26110098

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分布式能源 ›› 0 DOI: 10.16513/j.2096-2185.DE.26110098

面向配电网承载力提升的虚拟电厂形态演进：国际前沿与中国路径

廉俊豪 1，黄宇翔 1,2，陈皓勇 1*

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Evolution of Virtual Power Plant Paradigms for Enhancing Distribution Network Hosting Capacity: International Frontiers and Chinese Pathways

LIAN Junhao1, HUANG Yuxiang1,2, CHEN Haoyong1*#br#

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摘要

分布式光伏与新型负荷的规模化接入使配电网承载力不足成为制约新型电力系统发展的关键物理瓶颈。现有虚拟电厂研究多聚焦于商业聚合与调度优化，缺乏对底层配电网运行约束的主动支撑机制的系统性探讨。本文跳出单一的资源聚合视角，提出以配电网承载力提升为导向的 VPP 四阶段演进分析框架，系统梳理了从 VPP 1.0 聚合套利到 VPP 4.0 分层自治的国际前沿实践：VPP 2.0 依托智能逆变器本地自治控制缓解电压越限，有效提升配电网静态承载力；VPP 3.0 引入动态运行包络线机制实现物理约束与市场优化的解耦，深度挖掘系统的时空动态灵活性；VPP 4.0 基于蜂窝能源系统与分布式协同算法应对亿级节点接入下的可扩展性瓶颈。在此基础上，本文结合中国配电网台区化管理体制与海量存量哑设备的现实国情，提出从物理机能升级、物理-市场解耦到台区蜂窝自治的三阶段中国化演进路径。研究可为我国虚拟电厂从商业聚合体向具备配电网物理支撑能力的技术聚合体转型提供理论参考与工程指引。

Abstract

The large-scale integration of distributed photovoltaics and emerging loads has made the insufficient hosting capacity of distribution networks a key physical bottleneck restricting the development of new-type power systems. Existing research on virtual power plants (VPPs) mostly focuses on commercial aggregation and optimal dispatch, lacking a systematic exploration of active support mechanisms for the underlying operational constraints of distribution networks. Stepping out of the single resource aggregation perspective, this paper proposes a fourstage evolutionary analysis framework for VPPs oriented towards enhancing distribution network hosting capacity, and systematically reviews international frontier practices from VPP 1.0 (aggregation arbitrage) to VPP 4.0 (hierarchical autonomy). Specifically, VPP 2.0 relies on the local autonomous control of smart inverters to mitigate voltage violations, effectively enhancing the static hosting capacity of distribution networks; VPP 3.0 introduces the Dynamic Operating Envelopes (DOEs) mechanism to decouple physical constraints from market optimization, deeply unlocking the spatiotemporal dynamic flexibility of the system; VPP 4.0 utilizes Cellular Energy Systems and distributed collaborative algorithms to address the scalability bottleneck under the integration of hundreds of millions of nodes. On this basis, considering China's practical national conditions—specifically the management system based on secondary substation areas (transformer service areas) and the massive scale of legacy non-smart assets—this paper proposes a three-stage localized evolution pathway encompassing physical capability upgrades, physical-market decoupling, and cellular autonomy at the secondary substation level. This research provides theoretical references and engineering guidelines for the transformation of VPPs in China from pure commercial aggregators to technical aggregators equipped with physical support capabilities for distribution networks.

导出引用

廉俊豪 1, 黄宇翔 1, 2, 陈皓勇 1. 面向配电网承载力提升的虚拟电厂形态演进：国际前沿与中国路径[J]. 分布式能源, 0 https://doi.org/10.16513/j.2096-2185.DE.26110098.

LIAN Junhao1, HUANG Yuxiang1, 2, CHEN Haoyong1. Evolution of Virtual Power Plant Paradigms for Enhancing Distribution Network Hosting Capacity: International Frontiers and Chinese Pathways[J]. Distributed Energy, 0 https://doi.org/10.16513/j.2096-2185.DE.26110098.