Advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system is of great significance for power grid peaking, and it is one of the key development directions of power industry in the future. In order to study the thermodynamic characteristics of each subsystem when the compressor speed and inlet flow rate change, taking the TICC-500 energy storage system as the research object, this paper uses the lumped parameter method to model the response of the energy storage stage caused by the disturbance. The results show that, when the speed increases, the outlet pressure and temperature of the compressor increase, the efficiency decreases, and the heat release of the air in the heat exchanger at various levels increases; when the inlet flow increases, the outlet pressure and temperature of the compressor decrease, the efficiency decreases, and the heat release of the air in the heat exchanger at various levels decreases.