随着风力发电机安装量在全球范围内的急剧增加，对风力发电系统运行稳定性的要求也随之提高，对风力发电系统进行故障检测和容错控制也变得尤为重要。以2 MW风力发电系统为背景，首先建立风力发电系统动态模型；为更准确地模拟故障的影响，对系统进行比例－积分－微分(proportional integral derivative，PID)变桨距控制，在此基础上对风力发电系统的传感器故障和执行器故障进行模拟。结果显示，系统能较好地模拟各种故障，为下一步的故障诊断和容错控制打下了基础。
With the global rapid growth of installed capacity for wind turbines, the operational stability requirements for wind turbine generator systems have increased. At the same time, fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control of wind turbine generator systems have become particularly important. In this paper, a dynamic model of 2 MW wind power generation system is established. In order to more accurately simulate the impact of faults, proportional integral derivative (PID) pitch control is carried out. On this basis, the sensor faults and actuator faults of wind turbine generator systems are simulated. The results show that the system can simulate various faults and lay a foundation for fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control in the next step.
表1 风力发电系统参数 Table 1 Parameters of ind turbine generator system
参数
数值
风轮转动惯量/(106 kg·m2)
5.4
电机转动惯量/(kg·m2)
97.5
风轮额定转速/(r·min－1)
20
传动比
90
空气密度/(kg·m－3)
1.225
风轮半径/m
70.5
额定功率/kW
2000
定子额定相电压/V
690
修正系数
0.811
定子相数
3
电机极对数
2
定子绕组电阻r1/Ω
0.016
定子绕组漏抗x1/Ω
0.22
转子绕组电阻r2/Ω
0.032
转子绕组漏抗x2/Ω
0.14
表1 风力发电系统参数
图2 仿真时的风速序列图
图3 风电机组期望功率曲线
图4 传感器故障时发电机转速与输出功率
图5 执行器故障时发电机转矩与叶尖速比
图6 混合故障时输出功率与叶尖速比
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