电价引导下的电动汽车负荷特性

doi:10.16513/j.2096-2185.DE.2001008

分布式能源

2020, Vol. 5

Issue (1): 44-51 DOI: 10.16513/j.2096-2185.DE.2001008

应用技术本期目录 | 过刊浏览

电价引导下的电动汽车负荷特性

臧宝志¹,吴长龙¹,朱宏光¹,魏莘¹,高建宏¹,吕倩楠²

¹国网烟台供电公司，山东　烟台　264000
²北方工业大学电气与控制工程学院，北京　石景山　100144

Load Characteristics of Electric Vehicles Guided by Electricity Price

ZANG Baozhi ¹, WU Changlong¹, ZHU Hongguang¹, WEI Zi¹, GAO Jianhong¹,LYU Qiannan ²

¹State Grid Yantai Power Supply Company, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China;
²College of Electrical and Control Engineering, North China University of Technology, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, China

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摘要:

随着对环境的重视程度不断提高，越来越多的人选择电动汽车作为出行工具。电动汽车的使用人数越来越多和应用范围越来越广，随之也产生充电时间集中导致电网负担过重，电能质量降低的问题，为此对电价引导下的电动汽车负荷特性进行了研究。通过对电动汽车时空分布特性的研究，制定相关策略以调整用电负荷分布、缓解电网峰值负荷压力，对充电桩的安装位置及数量提供了合理的数据支撑；其次，对比有序充放电与无序充电对电网的影响，分析有序充电的优势所在，及有序放电对于电网"削峰填谷"的积极作用；最后，分析目前市场上现有的电价策略对用户充电行为的影响作用，并提出一种针对电动汽车的新型定价策略，总结当下电动汽车充电行为仍存在的不足和改进方向。

关键词: 电动汽车; 有序充电; 电价策略; 负荷特性

Abstract：

With the progress of society and economic development, people have paid more and more attention to the environment, and more and more people choose electric vehicles as their travel tools. More and more people use electric vehicles and their application scope is getting wider and wider, and the problems of concentrated charging time leading to overloaded power grids and reduced power quality have been raised. This article reviews the research methods and results of such problems in the field of electric vehicles. Based on the study of the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of electric vehicles, formulate relevant strategies to adjust the power load distribution, alleviate the peak load pressure on the power grid, and provide reasonable data support for the installation location and number of charging piles. The impact of sequential charging on the power grid, analyzes the advantages of ordered charging, and the positive effect of ordered discharge on the "peak-cutting and valley-filling" of the power grid. Finally, analyzes the impact of existing electricity price strategies on the market on user charging behavior. A new pricing strategy for electric vehicles is proposed, and the shortcomings and improvement directions of electric vehicle charging behavior are summarized.

Key Words： electric vehicles ; orderly charging ; price strategy ; load characteristics

收稿日期: 2020-01-02

ZTFLH:

TM73

基金资助:国家电网公司科技项目(520605190010)

作者简介: 臧宝志(1968—)，男，硕士，主要从事电力工程、电力营销及新能源领域的研究和管理工作，15901526095@126.com；|吴长龙(1989—)，男，硕士，助理工程师，研究方向为电力系统运行分析、综合能源系统；|朱宏光(1971—)，男，本科，高级工程师，研究方向为电力营销及综合能源系统规划技术；|魏　莘(1973—)，男，本科，高级工程师，研究方向为电力营销及综合能源系统规划技术；|高建宏(1974—)，男，硕士，高级工程师，研究方向为电力营销及新能源领域的管理；|吕倩楠(1997—)，通讯作者，女，硕士研究生，研究方向为微电网和新能源发电，lqnan202@163.com。

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引用本文:

臧宝志, 吴长龙, 朱宏光, 魏莘, 高建宏, 吕倩楠. 电价引导下的电动汽车负荷特性[J]. 分布式能源, 2020, 5(1): 44-51.
ZANG Baozhi , WU Changlong, ZHU Hongguang , WEI Zi, GAO Jianhong, LYU Qiannan. Load Characteristics of Electric Vehicles Guided by Electricity Price[J]. Distributed Energy, 2020, 5(1): 44-51.

链接本文:

http://der.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/10.16513/j.2096-2185.DE.2001008 或 http://der.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/Y2020/V5/I1/44

图1 各类型电动汽车充电概率雷达图

图2 电动汽车各场景充电概率

图3 有序充放电实施流程

图4 电价策略对电动汽车负荷的影响分析过程

表1 北京地区峰谷电价时段划分

图5 分析用户响应行为过程

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