A type of thermal energy storage process for large scale electric applications is referred here as pumped thermal electricity storage (PTES), which based on a high temperature heat pump cycle which transforms electrical energy into thermal energy, followed by a thermal engine cycle which transforms the stored thermal energy back into electrical energy. PTES may be able to make a significant contribution towards future large scale energy storage needs, and without limitations in terms of geographical constraints, PTES may make use of different types of thermodynamic cycles and thermal storages. Due to little work in present literature can be found in-depth research on the dynamic characteristics of PTES, it is difficult to predict the dynamic performance of the system, develop the control strategy technology of operating process, or optimize the system design. A dynamic model of PTES system was built with Simulink and modular modeling approach on the basis of thermodynamic cycle. The dynamic response of working characteristics including compression and expansion ratio, compressor rotating speed, temperature, pressure, mass flow rate, power of PTES system were studied. The feasibility of power control and meeting the requirements of the public grid of energy storage power change were indicated, which providing computational tools and reference of control strategy and design optimization of PTES system.
表1 设计工况主参数 Table 1 Main parameters of design conditions
物理量
设计参数值
发电量/(MW·h)
602.6
储能功率/MW
150
储能时间/h
6.05
储能罐容积/m3
21 622
压缩机多变效率
0.9
透平多变效率
0.9
系统最高压力/MPa
0.46
系统最高温度/K
1 268
系统最低温度/K
200
温比
1.55
转速/(r·min-1)
3 000
工质
Ar
表1 设计工况主参数
图4 转速的动态响应
图5 压比和膨胀比的动态响应
图6 压缩机出口温度的动态响应
图7 透平出口温度的动态响应
表2 各部件出口温度响应时间 Table 2 Response time of component outlet temperature
温度点
最小值时刻/s
最小值
压缩机出口温度(Tout,c)
62.10
0.997 7
储热出口温度(Tout,h1)
88.68
0.979 7
透平出口温度(Tout,t)
90.79
0.981 2
储冷出口温度(Tout,h2)
103.91
0.989 5
表2 各部件出口温度响应时间
图8 各部件出口温度的动态响应
图9 各部件出口压力的动态响应
图10 各部件出口流量的动态响应
图11 各部件出口功率的动态响应
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