[目的]针对含高比例可再生能源与垃圾焚烧电厂的虚拟电厂系统，提出一种计及电转气协同与碳-绿证交易的含碳捕集虚拟电厂优化调度模型。[方法]通过构建“碳捕集与封存-电转气-燃气机组”协同运行框架，将火电、垃圾焚烧电厂、风电、光伏及储能等多类型资源纳入统一调度，实现电、热、气及碳资源的协同优化，并结合阶梯式碳交易机制与绿证市场收益，实现多类型资源的联合优化调度。[结果]算例结果表明，该模型能够有效促进碳资源循环利用，阶梯碳交易机制可强化减排激励，在同等碳价下可将减排率从 30.9%提升至 53.0%；绿证交易则进一步提升新能源消纳水平。在所述协同机制下，系统总运行成本由290.50 万元降至 243.64 万元，降幅达 16.13%，显著提升了可再生能源消纳水平与经济环境综合效益。[结论]所提模型通过电转气协同与碳-绿证交易机制，实现了多类型资源的联合优化调度，能够有效促进碳资源循环利用，兼顾系统经济性与低碳性，为含高比例可再生能源与垃圾焚烧电厂的虚拟电厂优化调度提供了一种有效方法。

[Objective]To address the challenges of insufficient renewable energy accommodation, low carbon resource utilization efficiency, and inadequate coordinated operation in virtual power plants (VPPs) with a high penetration of renewable energy and waste-to-energy (WtE) power plants, a low-carbon optimal scheduling model incorporating power-to-gas (P2G) coordination, carbon capture, and carbon-green certificate trading is proposed.[Methods]A coordinated operation framework integrating carbon capture and storage (CCS), power-to-gas (P2G), and gas-fired generating units is established. Multiple energy resources, including thermal power units, waste-to-energy power plants, wind power, photovoltaic generation, and energy storage systems, are incorporated into a unified scheduling framework to realize the coordinated optimization of electricity, heat, gas, and carbon resources. Furthermore, a ladder-type carbon trading mechanism and green certificate trading revenue are introduced to achieve the coordinated optimal scheduling of multiple energy resources.[Results]Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model effectively promotes carbon resource recycling. The ladder-type carbon trading mechanism strengthens carbon emission reduction incentives, increasing the emission reduction rate from 30.9% to 53.0% under the same carbon price. In addition, green certificate trading further improves renewable energy accommodation. Under the proposed coordinated mechanism, the total system operating cost is reduced from RMB 2.9050 million to RMB 2.4364 million, representing a 16.13% reduction, while significantly enhancing renewable energy utilization and the comprehensive economic and environmental performance of the system.[Conclusions]By integrating P2G coordination with carbon and green certificate trading mechanisms, the proposed model achieves the coordinated optimal scheduling of multiple energy resources. It effectively promotes carbon resource recycling while simultaneously improving economic performance and low-carbon operation, thereby providing an effective approach for the optimal scheduling of VPPs with high shares of renewable energy and waste-to-energy power plants.