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Multilayer Model Predictive Voltage Control for High Proportion New Energy Integrated Active Distribution Network
Meiqi SONG, Hongquan LI, He XIAO, Xing ZHANG, Yang ZHAO, Helong SHANG, Hao DING, Hongjin FAN
Distributed Energy ›› 2025, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (1) : 53-61.
PDF(4302 KB)
PDF(4302 KB)
Multilayer Model Predictive Voltage Control for High Proportion New Energy Integrated Active Distribution Network
The integration of high proportion of new energy into distribution networks poses significant challenges for voltage control of distribution network. Traditional voltage control methods cannot ensure satisfactory control performance in scenarios with high penetration of new energy. Additionally， traditional voltage control relies on mechanical voltage regulation equipment， and frequent operation of these equipment significantly affects their lifespan. To address these issues， this paper proposes a multilayer voltage control method based on model predictive control (MPC). In the proposed method， mechanical voltage regulation equipment， such as transformers and shunt capacitors， is controlled in the upper layer with a longer control period， while active and reactive power outputs of distributed generations are rapidly adjusted in the lower layer with a shorter timescale. The objective of the upper-layer control is to reduce the number of operation of mechanical voltage regulation equipment， while the lower-layer control aims to minimize network losses and active power curtailment， ensuring the economic operation of the distribution network. The proposed method considers both the current and future states of the distribution network， ensuring that voltage operates within allowed limits under high penetration of new energy. Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively address the voltage violation issues introduced by the high penetration of new energy in the distribution network， decreasing the system voltage mean square error from 3.9% to 0.97%. Additionally， the proposed method significantly reduces operation number of mechanical voltage regulation equipment， which is only 40% and 16.4% of those under traditional voltage control methods， respectively.
distribution network / voltage control / model predictive control / distributed generation / multilayer control
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随着高渗透率分布式光伏的接入,配电网的过电压问题愈发严重,传统集中式的电压优化控制方法因为变量维数过多而无法满足控制时间的要求。基于此,该文提出一种主动配电网电压分区协调优化控制的方法。首先提出无功/有功分区质量函数作为分区指标,并以网络快速分区算法对配电网进行无功、有功分区。在无功分区内,以无功调节量最少为目标建立光伏逆变器无功优化二阶锥模型,在有功分区内,以光伏有功剪切最少为目标建立光伏逆变器有功剪切二阶锥优化模型,采用并行计算方式对各分区内二阶锥优化模型同时求解,然后将各分区优化结果作为其他分区优化约束再进行迭代优化,直至所有分区内目标函数值不再发生变化,达到各分区之间协调控制的目的。最后以某实际馈线系统为例,验证所提方法能对配电网过电压进行快速有效的控制。
The higher the penetration level of PVs in distribution networks, the greater the overvoltage issues would be. Due to the extremely high dimension of control variables, the traditional centralized control methods are getting too complex, which would barely satisfy the operational requirements of future active distribution networks. In order to address this crucial issue, this paper presents a voltage control method based on a network partitioning technique. A community detection algorithm based on a reactive/active quality function is introduced to divide a distribution network into reactive/active power sub-networks. For the reactive power sub-networks, a second-order cone programming (SOCP) based model for PV inverters is established with the objective of minimizing the regulated reactive power. For the active power sub-networks, a SOCP based model is also proposed for PV inverters with the objective of minimizing the curtailed active power of PVs. The proposed models in each sub-networks are solved by a parallel way. After the optimization, the results of the optimization are exchanged among each sub-network, and the constraints in each sub-network are then updated accordingly. A new optimization process is then started until the stopping criterion is met. Finally, an actual feeder is employed to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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目的 随着可再生能源电网占比逐年增加，电网的波动性和不确定性显著提升，给配电网的安全运行带来挑战。针对高比例新能源电网分布式配网重构问题，提出一种在线滚动优化框架方法。 方法 通过分布式共识协议获取网络拓扑和节点运行信息，在N-1和N-2线路故障状态下自动重构，实现配电网无额外外部触发信号情况下自动恢复正常运行，保证电网经济运行。同时采用滚动优化方法处理高比例可再生能源所导致的电网波动问题，并利用生成对抗网络(generative adversarial network，GAN)技术生成新数据，结合历史数据实现电网运行数据高精度预测。 结果 所提方法在正常状态、单点故障和两点故障3种情况下，均能实现电网的自动经济运行优化和自愈修复。 结论 与鲁棒规划和随机规划等方法相比，所提出方法可提升电网预测精度。
Objectives As the proportion of renewable energy in power grids increases year by year, the volatility and uncertainty of the grid are significantly heightened, posing challenges to the safe operation of distribution networks. To address the issue of distributed network reconfiguration in high-proportion renewable energy grids, this paper proposed an online rolling optimization framework. Methods The framework utilized a distributed consensus protocol to obtain network topology and node operation information. It can enable automatic reconfiguration in the event of N-1 and N-2 line failures, allowing the distribution network to automatically restore normal operation without the need for additional external triggering signals, thus ensuring economic operation of the grid. Additionally, a rolling optimization method was employed to handle grid fluctuations caused by the high proportion of renewable energy, and generative adversarial network (GAN) technology was used to generate new data, which combined with historical data. It can help to achieve high-precision forecasting of grid operation data. Results The proposed method can achieve automatic economic optimization and self-healing in normal, single-point failure, and two-point failure scenarios. Conclusions This method provides an effective solution for ensuring the safe operation of distributed networks in high-proportion renewable energy grids. |
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随着并网光伏数量和容量的增加，中压配电网电压波动及网损过大等问题日益突出。为此计及中压配电网的通信条件与计算能力等特点，提出了一种面向中压配电网的分布式光伏集中调控优化策略，抑制中压配电网电压波动及网损过大。分析光伏并网对配电网电压及网损影响，构建了以中压配电网潮流平衡方程、节点电压、支路电流及系统运行为约束，以网损最小、电压波动最小和分布式电源消纳最大为目标的多目标优化控制模型；采用商用CPLEX对模型进行求解；最后结合算例仿真对模型进行了有效性验证。结果表明，所提优化控制模型可有效降低配电网电压波动，合理分配分布式电源出力，降低网络损耗，同时保证光伏利用率处于相对合理区间。
With increasing PV connected to MV distribution network, the problem of node voltage fluctuation and network loss is becoming more and more serious. Taking the communication conditions and calculation capabilities of MV distribution networks into account, a centralized regulation optimization strategy for distributed PV connected to MV distribution network is proposed to realize the suppression of voltage fluctuation and excessive network loss. Firstly, the impacts of PV integration on node voltage and network loss are analyzed. Then, a multi-objective optimal control model is established, with the power flow balance equation, node voltage, branch current and system operation as constrains, and with the minimal network loss, minimal voltage fluctuation and maximum consumption of DGs as objective. In addition, the commercial CPLEX is used to solve the model. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified through case simulation. The results show that the proposed model can effectively reduce the voltage fluctuation and network loss, reasonably allocate the output of DGs and ensure the utilization of PV in a reasonable range.
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