目的 作为新型电力系统的重要支撑，燃氢燃气轮机有助于降低碳排放，有利于电网调峰，是全球未来战略性新兴产业科技创新领域的焦点。燃气轮机掺氢发电技术从示范走向商业化面临诸多关键问题，亟待解决。 方法 以H级燃气轮机为研究对象，介绍了国内外燃气轮机掺氢发电的战略规划和示范项目，对比了主要燃气轮机厂商H级燃气轮机的技术路线。从氢气来源、系统改造、排放影响以及掺氢发电成本4个方面对未来燃气轮机掺氢发电技术的规模化应用进行分析并提出建议。 结果 可再生能源电解水制氢将是燃气轮机掺氢发电的主要氢气来源；开发适配掺氢不稳定燃烧的新型干式低氮氧化物燃烧器将是未来掺氢燃气轮机系统改造的重点方向；掺氢比例越高，CO₂减排量越大，但NO _x 排放量呈上升趋势，并有超标风险；未来掺氢发电成本可降至天然气发电成本的同等水平。 结论 随着大规模可再生能源制氢成本的降低、碳税的实施以及掺氢发电技术的成熟，燃气轮机掺氢发电将逐步进入规模化应用。

Objectives As an important support for the new power system, hydrogen gas turbines can help reduce carbon emissions and are conducive to grid peak regulation. They are the focus of technological innovation in the global future strategic emerging industries. Many key issues faced by hydrogen blending gas turbine power generation technology from demonstration to commercialization, need to be solved. Methods H-class gas turbines were taken as the research object, and the strategic planning and demonstration projects of hydrogen blending gas turbine power generation in China and abroad were introduced, and the technology routes of H-class gas turbines of major gas turbine manufacturers were compared. The analysis and suggestion was made from four aspects for the scale application of future hydrogen blending gas turbine power generation technology, including hydrogen source, system transformation, emission impact and hydrogen blending power generation cost. Results Renewable energy electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen will be the main source of hydrogen blending gas turbine power generation. In addition, the development of new dry low nitrogen oxide burners, which are suitable for unstable combustion of hydrogen blending, will be the key direction for future hydrogen blending gas turbine system transformation. The higher the hydrogen volume percentage is, the greater the CO₂ emission reduction is. However, the NO _x emission is on an upward trend. Moreover, there is a risk of exceeding the standard value, and the future cost of hydrogen blending gas turbine power generation can reach the same level as the cost of natural gas power generation. Conclusions With the reduction of the cost of large-scale renewable energy hydrogen production, and the implementation of carbon tax and the maturity of hydrogen blending power generation technology, the gas turbine hydrogen blending power generation will gradually enter large-scale application.

我国沿海地区经济发达,能源需求量大,探索海上风电制氢为其他行业供能具有现实意义。比较了海上风电输电上岸后的两种利用模式:1)风电售电模式;2)风电制氢模式。首先通过比较碱性(alkaline,ALK)电解槽和质子交换膜(proton exchange membrane,PEM)电解槽的工作特性,建立了制氢系统产氢量模型。其次,建立两种模式的经济分析模型;最后,结合净现值和平准化制氢成本比较了不同风能利用模式的经济性。结果表明在当前技术情景下,氢价取46.93元/kg、风电上网电价取0.531 8元/(kW·h)时,风电制氢模式比风电售电模式更具有经济性,氢价是影响制氢模式经济性的最大因素,而氢价取决于未来氢市场的供需关系,不确定性较大。

The coastal areas of China are economically developed and have a large energy demand. It is of practical significance to explore the production of hydrogen using offshore wind power to supply energy to other industries. This paper compares two utilization modes of offshore wind power after transmission on shore, i.e., direct sales and use for hydrogen production. Firstly, by comparing the power characteristics of alkaline (ALK) and proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, the hydrogen production model is established. Secondly, the economic models of the two modes are established. Finally, the economy of different wind energy utilization modes are compared using net present value (NPV) and levelized cost of hydrogen production (LCOH). The results show that, under the current technical scenario, when the hydrogen price is 46.93 yuan/kg and the feed-in electricity price of wind power is 0.5318 yuan/(kW·h), the wind power used for hydrogen production is more economical than the wind power sales mode. The hydrogen price is the biggest factor affecting the economics of the hydrogen production model, where the hydrogen price depends on the supply and demand relationship in the future hydrogen market, and there is great uncertainty.

随着日益增长的低碳减排需求，氢的绿色制取技术受到广泛重视，利用可再生能源进行电解水制氢是目前众多氢气来源方案中碳排放最低的工艺。本文梳理了氢能需求和规划的进展、电解水制氢的示范项目情况，重点分析了电解水制氢技术，涵盖技术分类、碱水制氢应用、质子交换膜（PEM）电解水制氢。研究认为，提升电催化剂活性、提高膜电极中催化剂的利用率、改善双极板表面处理工艺、优化电解槽结构，有助于提高 PEM 电解槽的性能并降低设备成本； PEM 电解水制氢技术的运行电流密度高、能耗低、产氢压力高，适应可再生能源发电的波动性特征、易于与可再生能源消纳相结合，是电解水制氢的适宜方案。结合氢储运与电解制氢的技术特征研判、我国输氢需求，提出发展建议：利用西北、西南、东北等区域丰富的可再生能源，通过电解水制氢产生高压氢；氢送入天然气管网，然后在用氢端从天然气管道取气、重整制氢，由此构成绿色制氢与长距离输送的系统解决方案。

The increasing demand for carbon emission reduction has drawn wide attention on the green hydrogen-manufacturing technology. Hydrogen production by water electrolysis based on renewable energies has the lowest carbon emission among the main hydrogen manufacturing methods. This study summarizes the hydrogen demand, hydrogen industry planning, and demonstrations of hydrogen production by water electrolysis. The water electrolysis technology is analyzed, including alkaline water electrolysis and proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis. Research reveals that improving electrocatalyst activity, catalyst utilization, bipolar plate surface treatment, and electrolytic bath structures helps optimize the performance of PEM electrolytic baths and lower equipment cost. The PEM water electrolysis has high operating current density, low energy consumption, and high output pressure; therefore, it accommodates the fluctuation of renewable energy power generation and can be easily combined with renewable energy consumption. Considering the technical characteristics of hydrogen transportation and electrolytic hydrogen production as well as hydrogen transportation demand in China, a solution for green hydrogen generation and long-distance transportation is proposed. High-

电解水制氢技术在直流电的作用下，将水分解为纯氢和纯氧。氢作为能源载体，可实现无碳能源的循环利用，可以将波动性的可再生能源电力通过“电–氢–电（或化工原料）”的方式加以高效利用，兼具绿色与高效的特点，为未来人类社会的能源转化利用提出了新的解决方案。本文基于氢储能的理念，介绍了电解制氢的技术特点，概括了国内外近期质子交换膜水电解技术的发展态势，分析了新型电解水技术的发展方向，并提出了我国未来发展电解制氢技术与氢储能的建议。

With direct electricity, the water electrolysis technology provides pure hydrogen and oxygen from water. Zero-carbon recycling can be achieved with hydrogen as the energy carrier. Unstable renewable energy can be stored in hydrogen. With the concept of power-to-gas or power-to-liquid, high efficiency and zero emission are realized during energy conversion. It is a promising energy utilization solution for the human society in the future. In this review, the water electrolysis technology for industrial hydrogen production is investigated. The progress on proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis is summarized. Further, the future research trend of water electrolysis is discussed. Additionally, suggestions for hydrogen production from water electrolysis are provided.