构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统，新能源消纳问题是规划人员要面对的挑战之一。在电力系统规划阶段，通常需要评估电力系统新能源的调峰需求，以便规划调峰电源，控制新能源弃电率在合理水平。在评估电力系统新能源调峰需求时，一般较难定量分析，往往通过采用生产模拟计算电力系统弃电率的方法侧面反映。本文结合生产模拟与新能源特性，提出等效消纳能力概念，可快速便捷评估系统调峰需求、计算系统弃电率、安排调峰电源等。并在实际工程中对西北电网多省实例验证方法的可行性。

本文从未来能源发展与需求出发，提出并系统地阐述了地下储能工程的概念与内涵，综述了地下抽水储能、地下压缩空气储能、地下重力储能和地下储热的研究与发展状况，进而提出了一系列综合性的地下储能工程实施方案。通过分析，说明了地下储能工程的建设对于我国清洁低碳能源转型发展的重大意义和应用前景。在此基础上，提出了实施地下储能工程重大科技项目的建议。

In this paper, on the base of the future development of clean and low-carbon energy, the concept and connotation of underground energy storage engineering (UESE) was proposed and expounded, and then a review was presented for the research and development of underground pumped energy storage, underground compressed air energy storage, underground gravity energy storage and underground heat storage. Besides, we also suggested a series of comprehensive implementation schemes of underground energy storage engineering. Through the analysis, the significance and application prospect of the underground energy storage project for the transformation and development of clean and low-carbon energy in China are explained. On this basis, suggestion on the implementation of a R&D project for underground energy storage engineering is put forward, too.

提出了基于水下压缩空气储能的电淡冰冷热多联产系统，以解决海上可再生能源发电的配储难题以及远海对电、淡水、冰和冷热获取难的问题。构建了储释能过程以及多联产过程的热动力学数学模型，分析了发电、制冰、制冷以及生产淡水和热水的性能。结果表明：水下定压储能的储能密度和能量回收效率较定容储能实现大幅提高。另外，通过压缩空气储能以及级间压缩热和膨胀制冷，可以在海上同时生产电能、淡水、热水、冰和冷能；级间压缩热除了加热膨胀机进气，还可以驱动多效蒸馏海水淡化设备生产淡水同时生产60 ℃以上热水。对于深度500 m，容积10000 m³的储气罐，每天的淡水产量达51.45 t；抽取中间级膨胀机出口气体进行膨胀制冰制冷，当抽取50%空气流量(30.4 kg/s)时，每天可制冰30.72 t。水下压缩空气储能可以解决海上风电和光伏的不稳定难题，促进海上可再生能源发电更大规模的发展。依托水下压缩空气储能系统可以建立海上能源站，为远海岛屿、渔船、商船和浮动平台等提供电淡冰冷热供应，助力海洋经济高质量发展。

Renewable energy is a prominent area of research within the energy sector, and the storage of renewable energy represents an efficient method for its utilization. There are various energy storage methods available, among which compressed air energy storage stands out due to its large capacity and cost-effective working medium. While land-based compressed air energy storage power stations have been constructed worldwide, their efficiency remains low. Underwater compressed air energy storage has the potential to significantly enhance efficiency, although no such device currently exists. This paper presents the design of an UWCA-FABESD utilizing five flexible air bags for underwater gas storage and discharge. Additionally, it introduces the working principle of the adiabatic underwater compressed air energy storage system and device. Furthermore, a small-scale physical model with similar functionality was designed and manufactured to simulate the charging process of the air bag in onshore charging and discharging tests as well as posture adjustment and lifting arrangement tests, along with underwater charging and discharging tests. These experiments validated the related functions of the designed underwater compressed air flexible bag energy storage device while proposing methods for its improvement. This research provides a new approach to underwater compressed air energy storage.

针对柔性恒压储气装置储能特性与材料变形、结构尺度之间的复杂相关性,提出一种无量纲化的结构改进设计方法,以描述储气装置的压力及能量变化规律。从橡胶的本构模型着手,利用有限元仿真思想研究应变能转换机制,分析结构参数与储能特性之间的关系。搭建储气装置充放气试验台,针对不同结构参数及压力工况,进行储气装置的能量变化规律验证。采用仿真及实验相结合的方式,研究尺度变化对能量特性的影响规律。为优化储气装置结构以及应用方面的研究奠定了理论基础。

Underwater compressed air energy storage (UCAES) is an advanced technology used in marine energy systems. Most components, such as turbines, compressors, and thermal energy storage (TES), can be deployed on offshore platforms or on land. However, underwater gas-storage devices, which are deployed in deep water, have specific characteristics. Flexible inflatables have become a viable alternative for underwater compressed air energy storage (UCAES) as air storage devices. Few studies have been conducted on the characteristics of partially inflated structures during the inflating and deflating processes. A tank experiment of a 1 m model of an underwater spherical airbag was performed to investigate the characteristics of the deformed shape, pressure, and volume of the stored compressed air. A finite element (FE) simulation of an airbag model with the same dimensions was established in Abaqus/Explicit. The simulation under shallow testing conditions was in good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, studies on the performance of a 4 m airbag prototype with different water depths are presented. The results indicated that the shape variation was only related to the volume (inflation ratio). The pressure varied approximately linearly with the inflation ratio during the quasi-static process from an empty shape to a zero-pressure shape. The operating depth had a slight effect on the deformation. Because the scaling factor influences the pressure difference of the surface at the same height proportion, the larger the dimensions of the airbag, the higher the pressure difference will be.

为了研究高速开关阀在液压缸位置控制系统中的应用,在分析高速开关阀流量特性的基础上,针对高速开关阀流量控制存在的死区和饱和区,利用脉频调制(PFM)和脉宽调制(PWM)相结合的控制方式对高速开关阀进行补偿，使其流量线性化。在液压缸控制过程中,针对纯反馈的滞后性和前馈控制抗干扰性差的特点,提出了前馈-反馈的控制策略,即对高速开关阀提前给定一定频率和占空比的脉冲信号,利用模糊算法实时调整高速开关阀的工作频率和占空比,对液压缸中活塞的位移误差进行修正,以达到对液压缸中活塞位置的精确控制。利用节点容腔法建立了液压缸的进油和回油支路的流量与力学方程，并在Simulink环境下建立起仿真模型，通过FESTO液压实验平台搭建油路进行实验验证，得出了仿真与实验情况下的液压缸中活塞位移及高速开关阀的频率、占空比特性曲线。仿真与实验对比结果表明：综合运用模糊控制修正的前馈-反馈控制策略与PWM-PFM相结合的控制算法，可有效实现液压缸中活塞位置的精确控制，其误差可控制在-0.3~0.3mm内。

A strategy combined the PWM with pulse frequency modulation(PFM) was proposed to compensate the dead and saturated zones of a high-speed on-off valve, and linearized the flow of hign-speed on-off valve, which was on the groundwork of the analysis of the flow characteristic of high-speed on-off valve. A compound algorithm of fuzzy & feedforward-feedback was put forward to realize the precise position control, which could be considered as the duty cycle was given ahead, and the fuzzy algorithm was designed and utilized to deal with the position errors by adjusting frequency and duty cycle of the high-speed on-off valve. The mathematical models of the force balance and the flow continuously equation were analyzed and simulated with Simulink using the finite chamber method. The hydraulic loop was established to verify the simulation results with FESTO. The simulation and experimental results show that the compound algorithm of fuzzy & feedforward-feedback and the control method of PWM and PFM can realize the precise position control effectively, and the position errors can be limited within -0.3~0.3mm.

随着数字液压技术的发展，对高速开关阀的性能有了更高的要求，高速开关阀阀芯力学特性决定了其整体性能。建立了某高速开关阀的CFD模型。针对不同工作压差、不同工作温度、不同底座孔径、不同底座角度以及不同开口度的某高速开关阀内部流场速度场进行了分析。分析不同工况下某高速开关阀阀芯液压力影响因素，进一步研究了阀口开度、阀口形状、阀口压差、油液温度对该阀芯液压力的影响规律，为高速开关阀设计提供了理论基础。