As the most promising power generation technology, photovoltaic power generation technology is developing rapidly all over the world. This paper analyzes the changing trend of the world energy structure, summarizes the development status of China's photovoltaic power generation industry, discusses the necessity of carrying out the research on the risk management of photovoltaic power generation projects, summarizes the focus and main achievements of the theoretical research on project risk management at home and abroad, and analyzes the research status of the risk management of photovoltaic power generation projects. The results suggest that the world energy structure is transforming from traditional energy such as oil and coal to new energy. China's photovoltaic power generation industry has achieved rapid development, but it does not pay enough attention to the risk management of photovoltaic power generation construction projects. Foreign scholars' research on project risk management mainly focuses on risk management identification, risk analysis model construction, project risk response and control, and there is a certain gap between domestic and foreign related research. Engineering procurement construction management (EPCM) mode is more suitable for the management of photovoltaic power generation construction projects, and it is necessary to carry out in-depth project risk research around the photovoltaic power generation construction projects under EPCM mode.