A virtual power plant (VPP) serves as a key platform for integrating distributed energy resources, enhancing energy  efficiency,  and  promoting  the  absorption  of  renewable  energy.  However,  a  single  VPP  has  limited  regulation
capacity and competitiveness, whereas the coordinated operation of multiple VPPs offers greater economic and low-carbon advantages.  Based  on  this,  this  paper  proposes  an  optimal  dispatch  method  for  multiple  VPPs  that  considers  integrated demand response and multi-energy interactions, and employs an improved Shapley value for benefit distribution. Firstly, a collaborative  dispatch  model  for  multiple  VPPs  incorporating  integrated  demand  response  and  energy  interactions  is established.  By  guiding  load  changes  through  demand  response,  the  model  achieves  peak  shaving  and  valley  filling.Through energy interactions among multiple VPPs, energy resources on the supply side are fully utilized, improving system economics. Secondly, in the benefit distribution process, a three-dimensional evaluation index system—covering economic,energy transaction, and environmental aspects—is introduced to enhance the traditional Shapley value method, providing a more comprehensive basis for benefit allocation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model not only reduces operating costs and carbon emissions but also quantifies the contributions of each VPP member through multi-dimensional indicators, thereby more comprehensively reflecting their actual input.