To address the insufficient resilience of distribution networks under high penetration of renewable energy, this paper proposes a resilience enhancement strategy incorporating advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA-CAES). A dispatch model is formulated in which AA-CAES participates in grid contingency response, and the uncertainty of renewable generation is characterized using distributionally robust chance constraints based on the Wasserstein distance. Simulation tests are conducted on a modified IEEE 33-node system to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Results show that, with AA-CAES deployed, the loss-of-load rate during extreme events is significantly reduced − decreasing by 3.84% compared to the scenario without AA-CAES, at the cost of only a 1.17% increase in dispatch cost. The study concludes that the proposed strategy effectively enhances the power supply capability of distribution networks under disaster-induced disturbances, achieving coordinated optimization between operational economy and resilience through a modest cost increment and substantial reliability improvement.